Histogram

Usage

geom_histogram(mapping = NULL, data = NULL, stat = "bin", position = "stack", ...)

Arguments

mapping

The aesthetic mapping, usually constructed with aes or aes_string. Only needs to be set at the layer level if you are overriding the plot defaults.

data

A layer specific dataset - only needed if you want to override the plot defaults.

stat

The statistical transformation to use on the data for this layer.

position

The position adjustment to use for overlappling points on this layer

...

other arguments passed on to layer. This can include aesthetics whose values you want to set, not map. See layer for more details.

Examples

set.seed(5689)
movies <- movies[sample(nrow(movies), 1000), ]
# Simple examples
qplot(rating, data=movies, geom="histogram")

stat_bin: binwidth defaulted to range/30. Use 'binwidth = x' to adjust this.
Warning message:
position_stack requires constant width: output may be incorrect

qplot(rating, data=movies, weight=votes, geom="histogram")

stat_bin: binwidth defaulted to range/30. Use 'binwidth = x' to adjust this.
Warning message:
position_stack requires constant width: output may be incorrect

qplot(rating, data=movies, weight=votes, geom="histogram", binwidth=1)


qplot(rating, data=movies, weight=votes, geom="histogram", binwidth=0.1)

Warning message:
position_stack requires constant width: output may be incorrect


# More complex
m <- ggplot(movies, aes(x=rating))
m + geom_histogram()

stat_bin: binwidth defaulted to range/30. Use 'binwidth = x' to adjust this.
Warning message:
position_stack requires constant width: output may be incorrect

m + geom_histogram(aes(y = ..density..)) + geom_density()

stat_bin: binwidth defaulted to range/30. Use 'binwidth = x' to adjust this.
Warning message:
position_stack requires constant width: output may be incorrect


m + geom_histogram(binwidth = 1)


m + geom_histogram(binwidth = 0.5)


m + geom_histogram(binwidth = 0.1)

Warning message:
position_stack requires constant width: output may be incorrect


# Add aesthetic mappings
m + geom_histogram(aes(weight = votes))

stat_bin: binwidth defaulted to range/30. Use 'binwidth = x' to adjust this.
Warning message:
position_stack requires constant width: output may be incorrect

m + geom_histogram(aes(y = ..count..))

stat_bin: binwidth defaulted to range/30. Use 'binwidth = x' to adjust this.
Warning message:
position_stack requires constant width: output may be incorrect

m + geom_histogram(aes(fill = ..count..))

stat_bin: binwidth defaulted to range/30. Use 'binwidth = x' to adjust this.
Warning message:
position_stack requires constant width: output may be incorrect


# Change scales
m + geom_histogram(aes(fill = ..count..)) +
  scale_fill_gradient("Count", low = "green", high = "red")

stat_bin: binwidth defaulted to range/30. Use 'binwidth = x' to adjust this.
Warning message:
position_stack requires constant width: output may be incorrect


# Often we don't want the height of the bar to represent the
# count of observations, but the sum of some other variable.
# For example, the following plot shows the number of movies
# in each rating.
qplot(rating, data=movies, geom="bar", binwidth = 0.1)

Warning message:
position_stack requires constant width: output may be incorrect

# If, however, we want to see the number of votes cast in each
# category, we need to weight by the votes variable
qplot(rating, data=movies, geom="bar", binwidth = 0.1,
  weight=votes, ylab = "votes")

Warning message:
position_stack requires constant width: output may be incorrect


m <- ggplot(movies, aes(x = votes))
# For transformed scales, binwidth applies to the transformed data.
# The bins have constant width on the transformed scale.
m + geom_histogram() + scale_x_log10()

stat_bin: binwidth defaulted to range/30. Use 'binwidth = x' to adjust this.

m + geom_histogram(binwidth = 1) + scale_x_log10()


m + geom_histogram() + scale_x_sqrt()

stat_bin: binwidth defaulted to range/30. Use 'binwidth = x' to adjust this.

m + geom_histogram(binwidth = 10) + scale_x_sqrt()



# For transformed coordinate systems, the binwidth applies to the
# raw data.  The bins have constant width on the original scale.

# Using log scales does not work here, because the first
# bar is anchored at zero, and so when transformed becomes negative
# infinity.  This is not a problem when transforming the scales, because
# no observations have 0 ratings.
m + geom_histogram(origin = 0) + coord_trans(x = "log10")

stat_bin: binwidth defaulted to range/30. Use 'binwidth = x' to adjust this.

# Use origin = 0, to make sure we don't take sqrt of negative values
m + geom_histogram(origin = 0) + coord_trans(x = "sqrt")

stat_bin: binwidth defaulted to range/30. Use 'binwidth = x' to adjust this.

m + geom_histogram(origin = 0, binwidth = 1000) + coord_trans(x = "sqrt")



# You can also transform the y axis.  Remember that the base of the bars
# has value 0, so log transformations are not appropriate
m <- ggplot(movies, aes(x = rating))
m + geom_histogram(binwidth = 0.5) + scale_y_sqrt()


m + geom_histogram(binwidth = 0.5) + scale_y_reverse()

Warning message:
Stacking not well defined when ymin != 0


# Set aesthetics to fixed value
m + geom_histogram(colour = "darkgreen", fill = "white", binwidth = 0.5)



# Use facets
m <- m + geom_histogram(binwidth = 0.5)
m + facet_grid(Action ~ Comedy)



# Often more useful to use density on the y axis when facetting
m <- m + aes(y = ..density..)
m + facet_grid(Action ~ Comedy)


m + facet_wrap(~ mpaa)



# Multiple histograms on the same graph
# see ?position, ?position_fill, etc for more details.
set.seed(6298)
diamonds_small <- diamonds[sample(nrow(diamonds), 1000), ]
ggplot(diamonds_small, aes(x=price)) + geom_bar()

stat_bin: binwidth defaulted to range/30. Use 'binwidth = x' to adjust this.

hist_cut <- ggplot(diamonds_small, aes(x=price, fill=cut))
hist_cut + geom_bar() # defaults to stacking

stat_bin: binwidth defaulted to range/30. Use 'binwidth = x' to adjust this.

hist_cut + geom_bar(position="fill")

stat_bin: binwidth defaulted to range/30. Use 'binwidth = x' to adjust this.

hist_cut + geom_bar(position="dodge")

stat_bin: binwidth defaulted to range/30. Use 'binwidth = x' to adjust this.


# This is easy in ggplot2, but not visually effective.  It's better
# to use a frequency polygon or density plot.  Like this:
ggplot(diamonds_small, aes(price, ..density.., colour = cut)) +
  geom_freqpoly(binwidth = 1000)


# Or this:
ggplot(diamonds_small, aes(price, colour = cut)) +
  geom_density()


# Or if you want to be fancy, maybe even this:
ggplot(diamonds_small, aes(price, fill = cut)) +
  geom_density(alpha = 0.2)


# Which looks better when the distributions are more distinct
ggplot(diamonds_small, aes(depth, fill = cut)) +
  geom_density(alpha = 0.2) + xlim(55, 70)

Warning message:
Removed 2 rows containing non-finite values (stat_density).